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Parkinson's
Disease |
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Pramipexole
BRAND: Mirapex
Pramipexole is a non-ergot D2/D3 agonist. It is a synthetic
amino-benzathiazol derivative. Side effects are similar to other dopamine agonists
and include somnolence, nausea, constipation, insomnia, and hallucinations. Somnolence may
be more common than with other dopaminergic medications and may necessitate dose reduction
or discontinuation. Ergot-related pleural and retroperitoneal fibrosis have not been
reported.
Pramipexole is effective both as early monotherapy and as
an adjunct to treatment with levodopa. In a six month trial comparing pramipexole
to placebo as add-on therapy in patients with motor fluctuations on levodopa,
"off" time was reduced by 17% in pramipexole-treated patients compared with 8%
in placebo-treated patients. Levodopa was reduced by 25% in the pramipexole group compared
with 6% in the placebo group. Pramipexole significantly improved motor function in both
the "on" and "off" states. In a comparison of pramipexole to placebo
as monotherapy in early disease, pramipexole significantly improved motor function.
Pramipexole can be taken with or without food. Food may
lessen nausea or stomach upset. Pramipexole is usually started at low doses and increased
gradually. Follow your doctor's instructions. It may be several weeks or months before the
benefits of pramipexole are seen. Continue to take the medication until your doctor
recommends that you stop.
Important information About
Pramipexole
 | Use caution when driving, operating machinery, or performing
other hazardous activities. Pramipexole may cause drowsiness, dizziness, or falling asleep
while performing activities of daily living, sometimes without warning . If you experience
increased drowsiness or dizziness, or episodes of falling asleep while performing
activities of daily living (e.g., watching television, riding in a car, etc.), do not
drive or participate in potentially dangerous activities and contact your doctor. |
 | Dizziness may be more likely to occur when you rise from a
sitting or lying position. Rise slowly and use caution to prevent a fall. |
 | Alcohol, sleep aids, antihistamines, antidepressants,
antipsychotics, and other medicines that cause drowsiness may increase the drowsiness
caused by pramipexole, which could be dangerous. Do not use alcohol or take other
medicines without first talking to your doctor. |
 | Hallucinations may occur with pramipexole, and may be more
common in elderly patients. Call your doctor if you experience hallucinations. |
Do Not Take Pramipexole If
 | Before taking this medication, tell your doctor if you have
kidney disease. You may require a lower dose or special monitoring during therapy with
pramipexole. |
 | Pramipexole is in the FDA pregnancy category C. This means
that it is not known whether pramipexole will harm an unborn baby. Do not take this
medication without first talking to your doctor if you are pregnant. |
 | It is also not known whether pramipexole passes into breast
milk. Pramipexole may reduce breast milk production. Do not take pramipexole without first
talking to your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby. |
 | Hallucinations may be more likely to occur in patients older
than 65 years of age. |
Drug Overdose
Seek emergency medical attention if you take an overdose.
Symptoms of a pramipexole overdose are not known but might
include nausea, vomiting, weakness, dizziness, fainting, agitation, confusion,
hallucinations, muscle twitching, uncontrollable movements, a tingling sensation, and
chest pain.
Avoid while Taking Pramipexole
 | Use caution when driving, operating machinery, or performing
other hazardous activities. Pramipexole may cause drowsiness, dizziness, or falling asleep
while performing activities of daily living, sometimes without warning . If you experience
increased drowsiness or dizziness, or episodes of falling asleep while performing
activities of daily living (e.g., watching television, riding in a car, etc.), do not
drive or participate in potentially dangerous activities and contact your doctor. |
 | Dizziness may be more likely to occur when you rise from a
sitting or lying position. Rise slowly and use caution to prevent a fall. |
 | Alcohol, sleep aids, antihistamines, antidepressants,
antipsychotics, and other medicines that cause drowsiness may increase the drowsiness
caused by pramipexole. Do not take other medicines without first talking to your doctor. |
Side Effects of Pramipexole
 | Stop taking pramipexole and seek emergency medical attention
if you experience an allergic reaction (difficulty breathing; closing of your throat;
swelling of your lips, tongue, or face; or hives). |
 | Notify your doctor immediately if you experience
hallucinations, fainting, dizziness, drowsiness, falling asleep unexpectedly, or a
blackout (especially when rising from a sitting or lying position). Your doctor may want
to lower your dosage or discontinue this medication. |
Continue to take pramipexole and talk to your doctor if you
experience the following minor side effects.
 | Mild nausea |
 | Vomiting |
 | Upset stomach |
 | Decreased appetite |
 | Constipation |
 | Dry mouth |
 | Sweating |
 | Headache |
 | Confusion |
 | Insomnia |
 | Agitation or anxiety |
Side effects other than those listed here may also occur.
Talk to your doctor about any side effect that seems unusual or that is especially
bothersome.
Drug Interactions
Before taking pramipexole, tell your doctor if you are
taking any of the following medicines:
 | The stomach medicines cimetidine (Tagamet, Tagamet HB),
ranitidine (Zantac, Zantac 75), or metoclopramide (Reglan); |
 | The heart medicines diltiazem (Cardizem, Dilacor XR,
Tiazac), verapamil (Verelan, Calan), triamterene (Dyrenium, Dyazide, Maxzide), or
quinidine (Quinaglute, Cardioquin, Quinidex, others); |
 | The malaria and leg cramp medicine quinine (Quinamm); or |
 | A medication used to treat mania, schizophrenia, other
psychiatric conditions, and nausea and vomiting, such as Chlorpromazine (Thorazine),
fluphenazine (Prolixin), mesoridazine (Serentil), perphenazine (Trilafon), thioridazine
(Mellaril), promazine (Sparine), trifluoperazine (Stelazine), thiothixene (Navane),
haloperidol (Haldol), and others. |
 | You may require special monitoring or a dosage adjustment if
you are taking any of the medicines listed above. |
 | Pramipexole may increase the effects of other drugs that
cause drowsiness, including antidepressants, alcohol, antihistamines, pain relievers,
anxiety medicines, seizure medicines, and muscle relaxants. Dangerous sedation, dizziness,
or drowsiness may occur if pramipexole is taken with any of these medications. Tell your
doctor about all medicines that you are taking, and do not take any medicine without first
talking to your doctor. |
Other drugs may also interact with pramipexole. Do not take
any other prescription or over-the-counter medicines or herbs without the approval of your
doctor.
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